Effect of finite terms on the truncation error of Mie series

The finite sum of the squares of the Mie coefficients is very useful for addressing problems of classical light scattering. An approximate formula available in the literature, and still in use today, has been developed to determine a priori the number of the most significant terms needed to evaluate the scattering cross section. Here we obtain an improved formula, which includes the number of terms needed for determining the scattering cross section within a prescribed relative error. This is accomplished using extended precision computation, for a wide range of commonly used size parameters and indexes of refraction. The revised formula for the finite number of terms can be a promising and valuable approach for efficient modeling light scattering phenomena.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

Molecular Identification of Anisakis larvae (Nematode: Anisakidae) from marine fishes collected from three Korean sea waters

Anisakis infects humans who eat raw seafood such as squid, mackerel, and conger, which is considered as one of the parasitic diseases in Korea. Molecular study for Anisakis L3 larvae was performed to identify the species of Anisakis. Molecular analysis for Anisakis L3 larvae was performed to identify the species of Anisakis and by using the DNA alignment tool to identify the DNA sequence relation. Total 98 Anisakis type I L3 larvae were collected from 63 fishes among three kinds of fish species (mackerel (Scomberomorus japonicus), anago (Conger myriaster), and yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis)) that came from different location near sea areas (Namhae-gun, Uljin-gun, Daecheon-si, Pohang-si and Seoul). DNA were extracted from Anisakis and ITS gene (forward primer: Nc5 (5’-GTAGGTGAACCTGCGGAAGGATCATT-3’); reverse primer: Nc2 (5’-TTAGTTTCTTTTCCTCCGCT-3’)) was amplified using PCR and sequenced. By using some method that considered for the species identification strategies, such as: Sequence analysing (Anisakis pegreffi (GGCAGAGTC) => C/C allele and Anisakis simplex (GGCAGAGTT) => T/T allele) and the strategy to find the rest total of unidentified in the first strategy by using nucleotide identity percentage: A. pegreffi (AB277823), A. simplex (AB277822), P. decipiens (AB277824) and H. aduncum (AB277826). It was found that Anisakis pegreffi was the most predominant Anisakis species from all fish species and in all Korean locations with 67 as a result of the total. And in the result of nucleotide identity percentage for analyzed the rest 31 samples that not identified during the sequence procedure, based on matched result, 1 were more matched to A. simplex, 25 to A. pegreffi and 5 to H. aduncum.open석

Modified lipids obtained from milk fat, sunflower oil, and phytosterol esters for application in tablespreads

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the modifications in milkfat properties with the addition of sunflower oil (SO) and phytosterol esters (PE) and chemical interesterification. Fatty acid composition, softening point and consistency were determined. The saturation degree of milkfat decreased with the addition of SO and PE. Consequently, milkfat presented lower softening point and consistency. Chemical interesterification caused an increase in softening point due to the formation of higher amounts of trissaturated triacylglycerols with rearrangement. The incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids from SO and PE by milkfat triacylglycerols after chemical reaction caused linearization of consistency curves.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

A General Methodology for Beached Oil Spill Hazard Mapping

The current lack of a standardized approach to compute the coastal oil spill hazard due to maritime traffic accidental releases has hindered an accurate estimate of its global impact, which is paramount to manage and intercompare the associated risks. We propose here a hazard estimation approach that is based on ensemble simulations and the extraction of the relevant distributions. We demonstrate that both open ocean and beached oil concentration distributions fit a Weibull curve, a two-parameter fat-tail probability distribution function. The simulation experiments are carried out in three different areas of the northern Atlantic. An indicator that quantify the coastal oil spill hazard is proposed and applied to the study areas

Laboratory activities and physics learning at high school: an exploratory study in portuguese settings

In this paper we present findings of an exploratory study, included in a wider investigation which intends to promote meaningful learning of physics concepts, based on experimental work and supported by metacognition tools. The aim of this research was to recognize promoting learning situations in Physics lab. Interviews and questionnaires were applied to teachers and students from four Lisbon high schools. Results show that lab work in physics has a low frequency and, generally, has a demonstration format. Both teachers and students recognize potentialities of lab work to promote learning. Learning is poor when students just observe and/or accomplish commands. Both teachers and students consider the relation theory/experimentation and students doing themselves as fundamental to achieve better learning. In addition to pointing out several problems concerning lab work, teachers envisage it in a very traditional way. So, innovative strategies and methodologies, such as computer use and open-ended problems, pointed by research in science investigation as promoting learning, are left aside